Generally, these hydraulic lifts make it easier to move from different floors in a tall buildings as well as carrying heavy loads. Hydraulic loading docks, plays an integral role in any shipping activity when it comes to loading and offloading products.
They improve the efficiency of product transfer. With the help of hydraulic power packs, you can easily load and offload items by pressing a button or using a remote control system. This accessory helps to attain the desired dock or truck level, making the loading and offloading process faster. A complete hydraulic loading dock equipment may have the following key parts: bumpers, dock leveler, dock lift, dock seals, dock lock, dock light, indicator light and loading dock software.
Industrial manufacturing process involves lifting and carrying a wide range of equipment and accessories. Some products are not only heavy, but also fragile, thus requiring consistent and stable lifting mechanism.
This makes hydraulic systems a perfect choice for these applications, especially those that use hydraulic power pack to control motion. Generally, hydraulic conveyor system is a robust equipment you can use even in situations where the load should match different conveyor belts. Therefore, it increases efficiency of material handling process, reduces labor requirements, protects items from impact and reduces unnecessary expenses.
The food and processing industry has also benefited from the hydraulic technology. Quite a number of machines use piston hydraulic drive. These machines have become popular in the recent past, especially with the increasing demand for the processed meat. These include: meat grinder, meat dicing and meat mixing, frozen meat grinder and sausage stuffer machines.
Process seafood requires hygienic and reliable machines to avoid unnecessary losses. Over the years, hydraulic machines have guaranteed a lot of success and high quality seafood processing. Examples of hydraulic seafood processing machinery include sea food compactor and shellfish packing machine, multi-head weighing machines, buoy cleaner, etc.
Quite a number of mobile hydraulic systems use either micro power pack units or mini power pack units. This is due to their small sizes.
Examples of mobile hydraulics include the following:. There is a wide range of hydraulic jacks for different applications and sizes. They are available in a wide range of sizes and shapes. These hydraulic jack systems are fitted with appropriate power units to lift heavy weight faster. A bed with hydraulic storage function gives you the ability to lift the bedding and use the space below it store other items. The good thing is that, some storage beds feature hydraulic power units.
This makes it easier to lift the bedding by pressing a button or using a remote control. As a matter of fact, hydraulic lift storage bed, is common in most homes due to the extra space you can use to keep your valuables safely.
Milling is a common manufacturing process. Take for instance;. A number of paper making machines use hydraulic systems to process wood into finished products paper. Even paper milling companies that recycle used papers still depend on hydraulic mechanism. This is attributed to their ability to reduce waste, achieve the desired flexibility and the ability to adapt them to the market needs. With the help of hydraulic power unit stations, they can integrate intelligent axis control systems to get the best pulp and papers.
This allows for automation of the entire process, thus reducing operational and maximizing on profits. Apart from this, paper lamination is also a common practice in modern manufacturing processes.
To get the best outcome, the film laminating machinery requires a precise and consistent motion, making hydraulic systems the best option. Forming metal requires a lot of energy and force. To get consistent shapes and designs during the steel mill rolling process, you need a hydraulic power pack. This will help you to control both the raw material feeding system and the milling machine. Also, you can use the hydraulic systems, both for vertical milling machine and the horizontal milling machine.
Hydraulic machine tools make work easier by reducing the amount of actual force you use to perform certain tasks. One such tool is the hydraulic torque wrench.
You can use this hydraulic tool to tighten or loosen nuts. The good thing about hydraulic wrench is that you only apply a predetermined amount of torque. Alternatively, you may also opt for the digital torque wrench. It is an essential accessory when you need a high degree of accuracy. To operate certain marine equipment, you need boat hydraulic power units. These power units provide the required hydraulic lift like in the case of other industrial applications.
These power units come in a wide range of designs and configurations. They are available in either DC12 or DC24 volts. Of course, these will depend on your marine engine design. In most cases, they create a hydraulic pressure that either lowers of raises the trim tabs.
They have solenoid valves directing flow of fluid to the boat steering system. Material handling is a delicate process that requires a heavy machine that can lift heavy loads.
Normally, the design of the hydraulic machine will depend on the type of load it will handle. A hydraulic metal baler is a high-capacity and low maintenance equipment suitable for most recycling operations. They come with an easy to control hydraulic power unit.
These scrap baling machines come in different sizes for a wide range of applications. For example, small waste compactors are suitable for applications, there is limited space. Such baler machines have either a micro or mini hydraulic power packs. Moreover, the bin presses mainly feature double acting hydraulic systems. Before you transport cars for any recycling process, you a need a car crusher that will reduce their sizes.
That is, to reduce the large body into a small compact solid. This requires an enormous amount of force that you can only achieve using a hydraulic system. During the processes, this scrap metal baler will compact the car into a small shape that can easily be processed. Depending on the nature of the application, you can choose from large car crushers that use standard hydraulic power unit or a mobile crusher that uses a mini hydraulic power pack.
There is a wide range of portable hydraulic machines. These may include hydraulic cutters, presses, log splitting machines, etc. As I had indicated earlier, hydraulic systems reduce the cost of performing tasks and labor required. Such shears have mini hydraulic power packs. Another hydraulic cutter that plays and integral during emergencies is the Jaws of Life.
It is a popular hydraulic rescue tool you can use rescue accidents victims from the wreckage of the vehicle. The hydraulic rescue tools use either micro or mini hydraulic power units. This gives an accurate and a faster cutting power. With the help of either a standard hydraulic power pack or a mini hydraulic power pack, this machine press can double production rates in most manufacturing processes.
These hydraulic presses are available in different capacities that range from 5 tons to over tons. Therefore, you can choose from small hydraulic presses to large hydraulic presses. A hydraulic cable stripper is an essential equipment in electrical engineering. Most of these machines can strip and cut electric wires at the same time. This double function makes them handy and useful in electrical installation.
A hydraulic log splitter is an essential accessory that will save you from unnecessary labor costs. With the right machine, one person can comfortably slip firewood for both residential and commercial use. The hydraulic log splitter piston pushes the log into a stationary blade that does the splitting. Alternatively, you may find other designs where the log remains stationary as the blade moves to split the log. You can opt for an electric or gas log splitter. However, if you need something that is mobile or portable, a gas wood splitter is the best option.
Depending on the nature of the task at hand, you may require abrupt braking or smooth and soft braking mechanism. All these require an efficient and a reliable braking mechanism. Depending on the complexity of the braking system, you may opt for the following options:.
The hydraulic clamping machines come in a wide range of shapes and designs. You can classify them based on the type of the cylinder such as swing action, vertical or threaded body cylinder. You can opt for a single acting or double acting hydraulic clamp. Most of these cylinders come with a mini hydraulic power pack. The medical industry has also benefited from the hydraulic power pack technology.
Some of the key developments include:. The adjustable hospital beds provide one of the best therapeutic results. These beds can slowly adjust to the required position. These patient beds are common in the intensive care units. With the help of a hydraulic power pack, doctors can control the position of the bed.
It can tilt to different angles. That is, adjust the hospital bed mattress to a position that makes the patient comfortable. This revolutionary technology helps reduce pulmonary complications, ensure safety and achieve the required lateral therapy, among other functions. A patient lifter helps doctors to transfer the patient from hospital bed to the chair without the assistance from other staff members.
The hydraulic patient lifts can handle the heavy weight of the patient. It also comes with straps that hold the patient safely and securely. You can adjust the height of the straps using the hydraulic system. The patient lifting equipment uses a mini or micro hydraulic power pack to move the arm of the equipment up and down.
Hydraulic systems are popular the in transportation industry. It could be a wired or a wireless hydraulic control system. Emptying these utility trailers using a hydraulic lifting mechanism is cost effective, fast and reliable. It is for this reason that hydraulic tipping trailers have become a perfect choice for most transportation tasks. There are different types of trucks you can use for a wide range of transportation needs. The choice of a particular equipment will depend on the specific task at hand.
A good example is the:. A snow plow truck helps to remove snow or ice from surfaces, especially during winter. Basically, you have to mount the snow plough on the vehicle you intend to use for this task. Other trucks are equipped with a wireless hydraulic power pack control that you can use to raise and lower the snow plow. Hydraulic service cranes are available in a wide range of shapes and sizes. Depending on the design, these cranes may have a mini or standard hydraulic power units which complete with 3 double acting valves to control 2 double acting hydraulic cylinder and 1 hydraulic motors.
The working principle of aerial lifts is the same as that of scissor lifts. They have either single or double acting hydraulic power units. Broadly, you can go for a single sided ram machine for static tests or dual acting piston design for fatigue testing applications.
You can use the hydraulic material testing machines, also referred to as the universal testing machines, to study various properties of metals and metal components. This is because testing such properties requires an enormous amount of force that you can only achieve using hydraulic systems. Every hydraulic testing equipment has a hydraulic power unit that helps to control the measuring process.
This ensures consistent and accurate loading effect, making it easier to take the measurements you need. So far, I have discussed all possible applications of hydraulic systems. It is this simple, any hydraulically operated equipment requires a hydraulic power unit. The power unit helps to control the movement of the hydraulic system. Apart from the various examples I have listed above, other applications include:. As you can see, hydraulic power units are useful accessories you can use for a wide range of applications.
For optimal operation, you need to choose a hydraulic accessory that matches the specific requirements of the task at hand. Throughout this chapter, I was introducing you to the concept of hydraulic power packs. I believe you can define a power pack, classify different types of power packs, state their functions and list the various applications. But, how does a power pack work? There are other concepts you need to understand and this is exactly what I am going to explain in the Chapter 2 of this hydraulic power pack eBook.
This will be an overview of the various components of hydraulic power units. First, let me explain what hydraulic power is all about. This makes it possible to do certain tasks such as lifting items, blasting rocks in the case of excavators, motor vehicle braking systems, etc.
First, hydraulic power depends on Physics Laws that was first investigated by Blaise Pascal. Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist and religious philosopher. As a result, Pascal Pa became the SI unit for pressure. Based on this law, we can derive a number of hydraulic equations you can use to analyze and designs hydraulic systems.
Hydraulic systems use incompressible fluids to transmit forces from one point to another. Therefore, any change in pressure, at one point of this fluid will be transmitted to the entire system of the fluid. Of interest to engineers in the hydraulic power pack manufacturing industry is the number of times the force that causes the change in pressure can be multiplied opposite side of the hydraulic cylinder.
This brings us to an essential concept of mechanical advantage MA of the entire system. We get MA by dividing the distance over which the force is applied by the distance over which the load moved. In reality, this how we expect these physical variable to change. As you can see, there are a number of equations above.
When you want to analyze the working principle of hydraulic power in details, you need to consider other aspects such as the viscosity of the fluid, conservation of energy, etc. Follow this link for a practical illustration of hydraulic power calculations.
A hydraulic power unit has a wide range of components that help to generate the required amount of energy or force to perform a specific task. The number of components in any hydraulic drive system will depend on the complexity of its design and the specific application. Generally, to create a hydraulic power, you systems should have these four basic components:. First, the process begins from the power section.
Here, the pump driven by a prime mover. The prime mover can be a diesel motor, an electric motor or an internal combustion engine. At this stage, the prime mover will help to convert mechanical energy into fluid energy. The prime mover and the hydraulic pump are coupled together via a shaft. As the shaft rotates, it drives the output shaft of the gear pump.
This will result in a pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the pump. That is, the inlet pressure will be higher than the outlet pressure. As a result, the hydraulic fluid will begin to flow from the reservoir to the control section. This hydraulic fluid passes through a strainer before flowing into the hydraulic pump. Remember, a hydraulic power is as a result of both oil flow and pressure.
The two are create in the hydraulic pump. The pump forces hydraulic fluid through the valves that close and open depending on the level pressure in the system. Hydraulic circuits have a wide range valves that help control the flow fluid such as the main relief valve, one-way valve and 3 position, 4 port hand operated valve.
The main relief valve protects the hydraulic pump in case of any back pressure. In case of a back pressure, the hydraulic fluid will flow back to the reservoir tank. This will depend on the complexity of the hydraulic system. Of course, this is mainly the control section of the hydraulic system. Again, when the hydraulic circuit is in a neutral position when the hydraulic fluid not flowing to the cylinder , the fluid will flows back to the reservoir through the neutral circuit.
When the system is activated from the hand operated valve , the hydraulic fluid will flow through the pipes to the cylinder. This will create a pressure that will force the piston to move in the opposite direction. That is, it will move the piston downwards. Assuming the hydraulic fluid enters the cylinder through the upper section. As a result, hydraulic fluid in the lower part of the piston will be forced out of the hydraulic cylinder. It will flow through the pipes back to the reservoir.
This is due to the pressure build up. In the next cycle, the hydraulic fluid from the pump will flow to the opposite side of the cylinder where the piston had moved in the first cycle. This pushes the piston up, and the fluid in the other portion of the cylinder will be pushed out of the cylinder back to the tank.
In the cylinder, hydraulic actuators convert the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy, i. This is how you can create a hydraulic power. Hydraulic systems have a high power density.
Therefore, the system designers have the freedom to install both pumps and actuators in any convenient location. So far, I have mentioned a number hydraulic power pack components, especially in this chapter. Therefore, it will appropriate if we discuss all these components of the hydraulic system. This is what I am going to do in Chapter three.
It will focus on both the working principle and the required specification of each component. Basically, a hydraulic power pack is an assembly of the following key sections:.
I will make the entire discussion simple and easy to understand. This is because you need to evaluate every component before buying the hydraulic power unit. An electric motor is an electro-mechanical device that converts and electric energy to mechanical energy.
That is, it converts electrical energy to magnetic energy then to rotational force. Broadly, motors are classified in three main categories: 1. DC motors Electric motors into this category include: shunt motors, separately excited motors, series motors, permanent magnet DC motors and compound motors. AC motors These electric motors include induction and synchronous motors.
The induction motors are classified further as either single phase induction motors or three phase induction motors. Others Examples of motors in this category include: stepper motors, brushless DC motors, hysteresis motors, reluctance motors and universal motors.
In a hydraulic circuit, electric motors convert the electrical energy into a rotational force that drives the pump gear. The electrical DC motors convert direct current into a rotational mechanical energy. These motors are common in most micro or mini hydraulic power packs.
This is because the DC power supply is portable thus, a perfect choice for mobile of portable hydraulic equipment. As the current flows through the coil, an electromagnetic force is induced. This causes the coil to rotate. Of course, this is according to the Lorentz law. When the coil is perpendicular to magnetic flux, the torque action will be zero. Therefore, to ensure smooth operation, there should be more conductor coils. In practical applications, a DC motor has more rotor loops with different pairs of commutators.
The armature loops are always in a slot of highly permeable steel layers. For large DC motors that are commonly found in large hydraulic systems, the electric motor manufacturers use electromagnet instead of permanent magnets.
That is, the field coil of the electromagnet is powered from the DC source that powers the armature. The complexity of the design will depend on the type load the motor should drive. In the case of the hydraulic power packs, we have a hydraulic pump as the load. In the recent past, a number of hydraulic power pack manufacturers have adopted the permanent magnet and brushless DC motors for most pump applications.
The brushed wound field DC motors are still common in some hydraulic applications. You can follow this link to read more about DC motors. Alternatively, you may also opt for AC hydraulic power packs. Unlike the DC hydraulic power packs, this equipment uses an alternating current AC. The AC motors are such that they convert an alternating electrical energy into a rotating mechanical energy. These two parameters may vary from one region to another.
Can you see the difference? In short, before you purchase an AC hydraulic power pack, you need to consider your grid supply. DC wound field motors have carbon brushes and commutators while the AC motors do not have the carbon brushes. By varying the current in the armature windings, you can easily control the speed of a DC motor. On the other hand, you can only control the speed of an AC motor by varying its frequency. Quite a number of AC hydraulic power packs use induction motors.
The most common types of induction motors are:. Alternatively, you may also opt a synchronous AC motor. In a synchronous motor, the rotation of the shaft is synchronized with the frequency of the supply current. In the synchronous motors, the magnetic field is generated by the current passing through the sip rings. Normally, the synchronous motors run faster. The stator has coils. When you supply with an alternating current produces a rotating magnetic field.
The varying magnetic field will induce electricity in the rotor bars due to electromagnetic induction. Since current carrying bars are immersed in a magnetic field, this produces a force that rotates the rotor.
A hydraulic pump is a device that converts the mechanical energy from the motor rotary motion into a hydraulic energy.
The output shaft from the electric motor is coupled to the shaft of the hydraulic pump. As the pump rotates, it creates a pressure difference between its inlet and outlet. This pressure difference helps the pump to draw hydraulic fluid from the tank. In this section, I will focus on the following types of hydraulic pumps:. In each category, I will:. The hydraulic gear pumps are rotary positive displacement pumps that use meshing gears to pump fluids.
The rotation directs the hydraulic fluid between the teeth of the gears and the walls of the pump and finally to the output. In most cases, it is one shaft of the gear that is coupled to the electric motor. Thus, the movement of the second gear driven gear occurs as the other gear driving gear engages it when the pump is operating. Normally, as the fluid travels through the gears from the inlet to outlet , its volume decreases causing a buildup in pressure.
The herringbone and helical gears in these hydraulic pumps offer a smooth flow than spur gears. The flow rate of these gears is determined by a number of features such as:.
In these gears, the hydraulic fluid flows through the inlet, then into the teeth and to the outer periphery of the rotating gears. These hydraulic pumps have an externally-cut teeth that are contained in and meshed another gear that has an internally-cut teeth. Liquid is drawn when the gears come out of mesh and is discharged when the gears mesh together.
Before choosing these gears for your hydraulic systems, it is important that you consider the following: The advantages of hydraulic gear pumps. A hydraulic piston pump is also an example of a positive displacement pump. They are also called the well service pumps. Their working principle of a piston pump is simple: These pumps use their contracting and expanding cavities to move hydraulic fluids from the cylinder to the tubes.
This is possible with the help of an electric motor that creates motion, pistons and check valves. The pistons exert pressure on the fluid while the check valves ensures the fluid flows in the right direction. Also, the number of pistons will also depend on the number of pistons. Hydraulic pistons undergo a reciprocating motion moving up and down or back and forth , thereby building a pressure that forces the fluid through the tubes.
Of course, this movement is due to the differential pressure due to the movement of the pistons of the pump. Depending on the type of hydraulic machines you intend to operate, you can opt for an electric motor operated piston pump or hydraulic hand pump.
It has a cylindrical block with pistons that move in the direction of its centerline. They have simple designs and guarantee reliable operation. Its pistons are attached to cylindrical block, forming a wheel like structure. The rotation of the cylindrical block causes a back and forth motion within the pump. They are popular for their high efficiency, low noise level and high loads even at low speeds.
Hydraulic piston pumps can further be classified as single acting, double acting, simplex, duplex and multiplex piston pumps. Before you choose these pumps for a specific application, it is important to consider the following:. A hydraulic vane pump is a positive displacement pump. They are suitable for pumping low viscosity fluids. These pumps improve flow rate by reducing the internal mechanical losses and damping. It is a common phenomenon in some special designs.
The working principle of vane pumps is based on the fact that: An electric motor is coupled to the pump rotor to create a rotary motion. As the rotor rotates, the fluid enters the pump. This fluid flows into the hydraulic vane pump chambers. The volume of the vane chambers at the inlet sections is larger than that at the outlet section of the pump. The decrease in volume helps the fluid to develop a high pressure as it exits the pump.
As the rotor rotates, the pump vanes tend to move outwards. This is due to the centrifugal force and the symmetrical shape of the pump casing. In the inlet, the vanes create a vacuum, causing a pressure difference thus, it draws fluid into the pump. These pumps can be classified further as either unbalanced or balanced vane pumps. Most opt for the balanced vane pumps because they have better speed ratings, high pressure and increased bearing lifetime. In these pumps, you can vary the position of the cam ring relative to the rotor.
With this, you vary the distance by which the vane extends. This arrangement makes it possible to have a variable volume in these vane pumps. Like other hydraulic pumps, the vane pumps may not be suitable for certain pumping applications. Here are the main advantages and disadvantages of these pumps.
With these two main components of the hydraulic power pack electric motor and pump , your systems should draw the hydraulic fluid, ready to supply it to the circuit. A hydraulic manifold helps to regulate the fluid flow, pressure and flow direction in hydraulic systems. It acts a junction between the hydraulic pump and hydraulic actuators. The hydraulic manifold design may vary depending on the types and number of control components. With the help of various hydraulic manifold valves, you can easily monitor and control the fluid flow.
In this section, I will discuss the following types of hydraulic manifolds:. The hydraulic central manifold has several multiple options you can use for integral solenoid, mechanical operated hydraulic valves and an interface for custom designed valves. This hydraulic center block has several mounting holes for:. You will learn more about the structural design of this central manifold in chapter four. There is a complete schematic diagram. Common Specifications of the Target Central Manifold Always remember to review the following specifications:.
For more complex and flexible functionalities, you can use the hydraulic stacked manifold. This helps to combine multiple functions into one assembly such as reducing the possibility of pressure drop. This is actually the main reason why you should consider a stacked manifold block as an extra section of the hydraulic center block. You can use it when the space in the central manifold cannot hold more valves or large size cartridge valves. Target has delivered thousands hydraulic power units for different applications around the world.
These include a series of standard hydraulic manifolds that are commonly used in most hydraulic power packs. At times, the standard hydraulic power packs may not meet the specific requirements of your applications.
In such cases, you should opt for customized hydraulic manifold blocks that meet your specific requirements. Apart from the hydraulic manifold blocks , I need to introduce you to the actual components that control the hydraulic fluid.
This is the hydraulic valves. Valves are devices that control the flow of fluids in hydraulic systems. They regulate flow by cutting-off, diverting, providing an overflow relief and preventing reverse flow of the hydraulic fluid, among other functions.
In the hydraulic power packs, it is the hydraulic valves that direct the fluid to and from the cylinder. There are very many hydraulics valves available in the market. However, for the scope of this eBook, I will focus on the following:. All these valves have unique features, designs and performance requirements, making them suitable for different applications.
What do I mean by this? Take for instance, a hydraulic cartridge valves. As you can see, there are many types of hydraulic cartridge valves available in the market. These valves are suitable for high flow rates and leak free control systems such as hydraulic power packs.
So, it is important that you choose a valve that meets the specific requirements of a given application. A hydraulic check valve allows fluid to flow through it in one direction, i. For this reason, it is also referred to as one-way valve or non-return valve. Most check valves in the market use either a poppet or light spring to control fluid flow. However, different check valve manufacturers may use varying approaches, depending on the intended application.
Still, you can classify these types of check valves as either a ball valve or cone valve. The latter uses a different movable part to block the flow. Since the check valves provide unidirectional flow, thereby providing a sealing against the reverse flow, it is advisable that you install them on the outlet side of the hydraulic pump.
Below, is an image showing how a hydraulic check ball valve functions:. Manufactures use different materials to produce check valves such as zinc plated carbon body and hardened stainless in-line poppet. This aims to provide a long-lasting metal-to-metal seal. At times, hydraulic power pack manufacturing companies may include a pilot operated check valve.
You can control these valves using fluids from other valves. A hydraulic pilot-operated check valve is unique in the sense that; they allow hydraulic fluid to flow in one direction, but, you can still disable them using a pilot pressure.
You can express the amount of force due to this as:. In hydraulic circuits, relief valves protect the downstream circuits from over pressurization.
They are a good example of a safety valve and you may also refer to them as pressure relief valves PRV. There are many types of pressure relief valves that vary in design and specifications.
A good example is the pilot-operated relief valve. During the period of work cycles, these pilot operated relief valves unload the pump at low pressure.
Another important classification criteria is the type of material. A number of adjustable hydraulic pressure relief valves are manufactured from zinc plated carbon steel bodies. They have hardened stainless steel sealing components. In circuits the hydraulic valve symbol is as shown below:. Most hydraulic valves come with a preset pressure specific cracking pressure.
They are either adjustable or feature a tamper proof wire. The tamper proof wire prevents field adjustment. Their principle of operation can be illustrated by the image below:. Below is the actual image of a hydraulic relief valve:. Parameters to Consider When Selecting a Pressure Relief Valve Below are seven crucial parameters you need to consider when buying a pressure valve:.
A release valve or hydraulic cartridge solenoid valves are examples of directional control valves. You can use these valves to:. In most applications, a hydraulic release valve also means a 2 way 2 position hydraulic cartridge solenoid valve. Solenoid valves are electromechanical operated valves. Such valves have a fast and a safe switching mechanism.
They are also: reliable, durable, compact in design and offer low control power. Below are examples of hydraulic release valves:. Since these directional control valves have a solenoid , their control mechanism depends on electrical energy. In most cases, you can refer to them as a variable force solenoid.
This is because, their pressure control is either inversely or directly proportional to the electric signal current or voltage. Without the electric energy, these valves operate in only one-way state. That is, the hydraulic fluid can only flow in one direction. Where, it will allow the hydraulic fluid to return to the tank, thereby, releasing the load of the cylinder.
Broadly, the main types of solenoid valves include: a. Solenoid normally closed valves In these circuits, the coil voltage may vary depending on the design. The type of coil also varies. These may include: Hirschmann, double lead or waterproof double Lead b.
Manual release double check valves A good example of the solenoid valve with manual override. These are common in car lifting equipment where you can decide to operate the solenoid valve manually. Normally, you can adjust hydraulic solenoid valve depending on the type of control mechanism of a specific application. Moreover, the complexity of a directional control valve will also depend on the specific hydraulic system you intend to control.
You can go for a:. You can learn more about how to use and their circuit diagrams here: Directional Control Valves. These are valves that allow for precise fluid control and are mainly designed for low flow rates. Needle valves have a slender and tapered point towards the valve stem that blocks or restricts the flow. In most hydraulic circuits, you can install them near delicate gauges that may get damaged in case of a sudden pressure surge. Also, you can use these throttle valves in the pipes returning oil back to the tank.
Needle valves can increase, decrease or completely shut off fluid flow. In throttle control, the needle valves are preferred compared to ball valves. In hydraulic circuits, you can represent throttle valves using this symbol:. Factors for Consider When Choosing Needle Valves For any hydraulic fluid control, here are the key factors you need to consider:. Needle valves can handle a wide range of pressures. Depending on the nature of the hydraulic fluid system, a needle valve can handle the pressures that range from 5, to 6, psi.
There are high pressure needle valves that can handle pressure up to 10, psi. These valves are available in different metric sizes that range between 2 and 11mm. Here, you need to consider valves with polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE as it provides additional resistance an endurance to high temperature.
Another option is the polyether ether ketone PEEK needle valves. Some of the most common materials include carbon steel, stainless steel or brass. Each material has unique physical and chemical properties making them suitable for specific hydraulic applications.
For instance, a stainless steel needle valve is a perfect choice for chemical processing applications and circuit that are susceptible to corrosion. In section 3. Again, in this section, I will have a quick overview of other types of directional control valves.
A directional control valve directs hydraulic fluid into different paths. They have a spool that you can control either mechanically or electrically. In the recent past, manufacturers have been opting for electric control valves. Here is how the directional control valves work:. Clearly, from this electrically operated valve, their designs tend to be more complex than the release valves.
You may find a 4 way 3 position directional control valve or a 2 way 2 position control valve. The complexity of the design will depend on the specific application of the directional valve in a hydraulic control circuit. In hydraulic circuits, the directional control valve symbol is:. This refers to the number of ports that allow fluid to flow in and out of the directional valve. Depending on the number of ports you may have a 2 way 2 position valve, 4 way 3 position valve, etc.
This is the number of both normal and working positions that the directional valve spool can take. It can be 2 positions, 3 positions, etc. You can see this clearly from the previous examples. There are three main actuating methods and they include manual, electrical and mechanical. Examples of manual actuated valves include manual release double check that are common in car lifting equipment and manual directional control valves. An electrically actuated directional control valve includes solenoid directional valves and solenoid pilot operated valves.
You can go for a directional control valve with a sliding or rotary spool. The sliding spools are cylindrical in nature while the rotary spools has a spherical shape.
Modular valves provide a wide range of mounting options in hydraulic circuits. They have a number of mounting holes, valves and loops compared to cartridge valves. You can fit them in any system to fulfill the specific hydraulic circuit requirements. At the moment, there is a wide range of modular valves available in the market such as pilot operated check valves, flow control valves, pressure reducing valves and counterbalance valves.
These valves offer a perfect solution is all lifting solutions. They have a unique design to control single acting cylinders. These modular valves function such that they offer superior control mechanism when raising and lowering loads. With that in mind, we can explore other types of modular valves you can use for your hydraulic power packs. The hydraulic flow valves are available in a wide range of configurations and designs, depending on the functional purposes of each valve.
A good example is a modular flow control valve with a directional control valve and a sub plate. These pilot operated check valves are suitable for applications where a remotely-controlled checking function or high —flow rate is required. They provide an automatic stopping. Other options available may include pressure controlled, solenoid controlled, single pressure controlled, dual internal pressure controlled and dual solenoid controlled check valves. This is yet another popular hydraulic pressure valve.
Below is a picture of pressure reducing valve:. In most cases, you can specify modular reducing valves depending on the maximum operating pressure and maximum flow rate. They are mainly manufactured from cast iron and the specification criteria is based on maximum pressure, connecting port and maximum flow rate.
As you can see, there are very many types of modular valves. Throughout this section, I believe you have noted that there are very many types of hydraulic valves. Always choose one that best suits your hydraulic power pack. Remember, with an appropriate valve, you can have full control of the fluid flowing through the hydraulic pipes. At times, you may refer to it as a hydraulic reservoir. Hydraulic oil tanks for power pack units come in a wide range of shapes, sizes and materials.
For the scope of this eBook, I will focus on the following:. Generally, hydraulic reservoir stores and helps in the recovery process. Quite a number of hydraulic plastic tanks are made from polypropylene PP.
This is a special oil tank material that is resistant to corrosion, low temperature, high temperature, acid-alkaline solutions and solar radiation. Most manufacturers use an injection molding technique that results in a light weight and strong hydraulic fluid tank. The tank can withstand high pressure and resistant to diverse weather conditions.
This makes plastic tanks cost effective and popular in most hydraulic power packs. Most of them come in white color, so users can easily see the level of oil in the tank. Of course other colors are also available. The size may vary depending on both design and size of the hydraulic power pack.
The volume of the tank should be large enough to allow for all hydraulic fluids in the pipes to drain in the tank. The volume of the tank may vary from 1. Apart from these, you can mount it in either horizontal or vertical position. It has a mounting hole that is round, prolate ellipse or unclosed circle. Like the plastic hydraulic reservoir tanks, the hydraulic steel tanks are available in a wide range of sizes and designs.
The steel tanks are also heavier than plastic tanks. They are mainly manufactured from stainless steel. At times, you may also find iron hydraulic tanks. You may opt for a black, red or blue hydraulic tank reservoir. These tanks are mainly fabricated by punching and welding.
This results in a strong and durable tank, which is resistant to a wide range of weather conditions. Basically, these tanks are specifically manufactured to resist high and low temperature conditions. They ensure the properties of hydraulic fluid remains the same at all times. As you have seen from the pictures of the two tanks listed above, it is clear that they have three main components: a.
Air breather This allows air to get into the tank, thereby protecting the tank from atmospheric pressure. Remember, as the gear pump rotates it creates a vacuum that forces hydraulic fluid into it.
Steel plug By opening the steel plug, you can drain the hydraulic oil from the tank. Steel tank neck You will mount hydraulic power pack to the other customized steel tank through the steel tank neck. So, you can mount one or two or more power packs on one steel, square customized steel tank.
In this section, I am going to discuss the various parts that interconnect the major hydraulic components such as tanks, pumps, electric motors, etc. The connecting parts include couplings, cables and tubes.
The type of coupling will depend on the position of your electric motor relative to that of the hydraulic pump. Some of the most common types of coupling include:. That is, you have to connect the starter or power source to the motor. Hydraulic pipes and filters play an integral role in hydraulic power pack systems. As the hydraulic pump rotates, it creates a pressure difference, hence, the fluid flows to the pump.
A hydraulic suction pipe is the pipe that connects the tank and the pump. Common specifications of hydraulic suction pipes are:. Hydraulic filters remove debris or impurities in the oil before it is suctioned through the hydraulic pipe to the pump. It helps to keep the hydraulic system clean.
These filters come in different sizes and configurations with some equipped with magnet to remove metallic parts from the hydraulic fluid. This prevents clogging. There are valves you cannot install in the hydraulic block. Also, you may find that, there is no extra space to install them on the outside section.
In such situations, there only option is to install such valves in the pipe system. These are what we call hydraulic pipes that keep valves. Some of the most common types of seals include mechanical seals and O-ring. These are important accessories that prevent oil spillage. They are commonly used in power units and joints. Most of them are made from synthetic rubbers. Some of the main factors to consider when selecting seals include:.
Again, you have to follow the recommended instructions from the manufacturers to prevent seal failure. These are basic components of hydraulic power packs that depend on electrical signals to send commands to the system. This remote pendant is a button controlled and it has a wire usually 4 meter that connects to the solenoid valve, and can control the solenoid valve by DC12V, and DC24V.
The cable remote-push button pendant is water-proof and shock resistant. You can click here to learn how to wire the hydraulic power pack.
Below is a picture of a remote button. You can use this for single acting mini hydraulic power packs. It has three wires that are 4 meters in length. There was a key you can lock this remote away from battery, so, nobody can operating power pack without this key.
It has four wires, which are 4 meters. You can use this for dual double acting mini hydraulic power pack. It has four remote buttons with 6 wires that are 4 meters. This equipment provides you with a wireless access to the hydraulic power pack.
It has a remote wireless transmitter and receiver. Also with some hydraulic system design information. You can check our Trouble Shooting list for single acting power unit from this guide handbook. In this ebook you will know what is hydraulic power pack, what are the applications of them ,each component of a hydraulic power pack and so much more,anyway ,just check it out and you will be an expert.
Hydraulic Power Pack Wiring Diagram pdf. Skip to content Home Resource. Target Resources Find great resource about hydraulic products from Target hydraulics ,All resource free download.
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